# apt-ostree Third-Party Tools Integration

## Overview

apt-ostree integrates with various third-party tools and external systems to provide comprehensive system management capabilities for Debian/Ubuntu systems. This document explains how apt-ostree implements integration with these tools.

## Core Third-Party Dependencies

### libapt-pkg Integration

apt-ostree uses libapt-pkg for APT package management:

```rust
// libapt-pkg integration in src/apt.rs
use std::ffi::{CString, CStr};
use std::os::raw::c_char;

#[link(name = "apt-pkg")]
extern "C" {
    fn pkgInitConfig() -> *mut std::ffi::c_void;
    fn pkgInitSystem() -> *mut std::ffi::c_void;
    fn pkgCacheFile::Open() -> *mut pkgCacheFile;
    fn pkgCacheFile::GetPkgCache() -> *mut pkgCache;
    fn pkgCache::FindPkg(name: *const c_char) -> *mut pkgCache::PkgIterator;
}

pub struct AptManager {
    cache_file: *mut pkgCacheFile,
    cache: *mut pkgCache,
}

impl AptManager {
    // Initialize APT context for OSTree operations
    pub fn initialize_apt_context(
        &mut self,
        deployment_path: &str,
    ) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
        // Initialize APT configuration
        unsafe {
            pkgInitConfig();
            pkgInitSystem();
        }
        
        // Open cache file
        self.cache_file = unsafe { pkgCacheFile::Open() };
        if self.cache_file.is_null() {
            return Err("Failed to open APT cache file".into());
        }
        
        // Get package cache
        self.cache = unsafe { pkgCacheFile::GetPkgCache(self.cache_file) };
        if self.cache.is_null() {
            return Err("Failed to get APT package cache".into());
        }
        
        // Configure for OSTree deployment
        self.configure_for_ostree(deployment_path)?;
        
        Ok(())
    }
    
    // Resolve package dependencies
    pub fn resolve_package_dependencies(
        &self,
        package_name: &str,
    ) -> Result<Vec<String>, Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
        let c_package_name = CString::new(package_name)?;
        
        unsafe {
            let pkg_iter = pkgCache::FindPkg(self.cache, c_package_name.as_ptr());
            if pkg_iter.is_null() {
                return Err(format!("Package {} not found", package_name).into());
            }
            
            // Resolve dependencies using APT's native resolver
            let mut resolved_packages = Vec::new();
            // ... dependency resolution logic ...
            
            Ok(resolved_packages)
        }
    }
    
    // Download packages
    pub fn download_packages(
        &self,
        packages: &[String],
        download_path: &str,
    ) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
        // Download packages using APT's download manager
        for package in packages {
            self.download_package(package, download_path)?;
        }
        
        Ok(())
    }
}
```

### Bubblewrap Integration

apt-ostree uses bubblewrap for secure package script execution:

```rust
// Bubblewrap integration in src/system.rs
use std::process::Command;

pub struct BubblewrapManager;

impl BubblewrapManager {
    // Execute package scripts in sandboxed environment
    pub fn execute_package_script(
        script_path: &str,
        deployment_path: &str,
        package_name: &str,
    ) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
        // Create bubblewrap command
        let mut cmd = Command::new("bwrap");
        
        // Add bubblewrap arguments for sandboxing
        cmd.args(&[
            "--dev-bind", "/dev", "/dev",
            "--proc", "/proc",
            "--bind", deployment_path, "/",
            "--chdir", "/",
            script_path,
        ]);
        
        // Execute script in sandbox
        let output = cmd.output()?;
        
        if !output.status.success() {
            return Err(format!(
                "Script execution failed: {}",
                String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr)
            ).into());
        }
        
        Ok(())
    }
    
    // Execute post-installation scripts
    pub fn execute_postinstall_scripts(
        deployment_path: &str,
        packages: &[String],
    ) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
        // Execute post-installation scripts for each package
        for package in packages {
            let script_path = format!("{}/var/lib/dpkg/info/{}.postinst", deployment_path, package);
            
            if std::path::Path::new(&script_path).exists() {
                Self::execute_package_script(&script_path, deployment_path, package)?;
            }
        }
        
        Ok(())
    }
    
    // Execute pre-installation scripts
    pub fn execute_preinstall_scripts(
        deployment_path: &str,
        packages: &[String],
    ) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
        // Execute pre-installation scripts for each package
        for package in packages {
            let script_path = format!("{}/var/lib/dpkg/info/{}.preinst", deployment_path, package);
            
            if std::path::Path::new(&script_path).exists() {
                Self::execute_package_script(&script_path, deployment_path, package)?;
            }
        }
        
        Ok(())
    }
}
```

### systemd Integration

apt-ostree integrates with systemd for service management:

```rust
// systemd integration in src/system.rs
use std::process::Command;

pub struct SystemdManager;

impl SystemdManager {
    // Initialize systemd integration
    pub fn initialize_systemd_integration() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
        // Check if systemd is available
        let output = Command::new("systemctl")
            .arg("--version")
            .output()?;
        
        if !output.status.success() {
            return Err("systemd is not available".into());
        }
        
        Ok(())
    }
    
    // Reload systemd units after package installation
    pub fn reload_systemd_units(
        installed_packages: &[String],
    ) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
        // Reload systemd daemon
        let output = Command::new("systemctl")
            .arg("daemon-reload")
            .output()?;
        
        if !output.status.success() {
            return Err(format!(
                "Failed to reload systemd: {}",
                String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr)
            ).into());
        }
        
        // Enable/disable services based on installed packages
        for package in installed_packages {
            Self::manage_package_services(package)?;
        }
        
        Ok(())
    }
    
    // Manage systemd services for a package
    fn manage_package_services(package: &str) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
        // Check for service files in package
        let service_files = Self::find_package_services(package)?;
        
        for service in service_files {
            // Enable service if it should be enabled by default
            if Self::should_enable_service(&service)? {
                let output = Command::new("systemctl")
                    .arg("enable")
                    .arg(&service)
                    .output()?;
                
                if !output.status.success() {
                    eprintln!("Warning: Failed to enable service {}: {}", 
                             service, String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr));
                }
            }
        }
        
        Ok(())
    }
    
    // Find service files for a package
    fn find_package_services(package: &str) -> Result<Vec<String>, Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
        // Look for service files in /lib/systemd/system and /etc/systemd/system
        let mut services = Vec::new();
        
        // Check common service file locations
        let service_paths = [
            format!("/lib/systemd/system/{}", package),
            format!("/etc/systemd/system/{}", package),
        ];
        
        for path in &service_paths {
            if std::path::Path::new(path).exists() {
                services.push(path.clone());
            }
        }
        
        Ok(services)
    }
    
    // Check if service should be enabled by default
    fn should_enable_service(service: &str) -> Result<bool, Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
        // Check service file for Install section
        let service_content = std::fs::read_to_string(service)?;
        
        // Look for WantedBy=multi-user.target or similar
        Ok(service_content.contains("WantedBy=") && 
           service_content.contains("multi-user.target"))
    }
}
```

## External Tool Integration

### PolicyKit Integration

apt-ostree uses PolicyKit for authentication:

```rust
// PolicyKit integration in src/permissions.rs
use std::process::Command;

pub struct PolicyKitManager;

impl PolicyKitManager {
    // Initialize PolicyKit integration
    pub fn initialize_polkit() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
        // Check if PolicyKit is available
        let output = Command::new("pkcheck")
            .arg("--version")
            .output()?;
        
        if !output.status.success() {
            return Err("PolicyKit is not available".into());
        }
        
        Ok(())
    }
    
    // Check if user has required privileges
    pub fn check_privileges(
        action_id: &str,
        subject: &str,
    ) -> Result<bool, Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
        // Use pkcheck to verify authorization
        let output = Command::new("pkcheck")
            .args(&[
                "--action-id", action_id,
                "--process", subject,
            ])
            .output()?;
        
        Ok(output.status.success())
    }
    
    // Required action IDs for apt-ostree operations
    pub const REQUIRED_ACTIONS: &'static [&'static str] = &[
        "org.aptostree.dev.upgrade",
        "org.aptostree.dev.rollback",
        "org.aptostree.dev.deploy",
        "org.aptostree.dev.rebase",
        "org.aptostree.dev.pkg-change",
    ];
    
    // Check all required privileges
    pub fn check_all_privileges(subject: &str) -> Result<bool, Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
        for action in Self::REQUIRED_ACTIONS {
            if !Self::check_privileges(action, subject)? {
                return Ok(false);
            }
        }
        
        Ok(true)
    }
}
```

### AppArmor Integration

apt-ostree integrates with AppArmor for security policy management:

```rust
// AppArmor integration in src/system.rs
use std::process::Command;

pub struct AppArmorManager;

impl AppArmorManager {
    // Apply AppArmor profiles to deployment
    pub fn apply_apparmor_profiles(
        deployment_path: &str,
    ) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
        // Check if AppArmor is available
        if !Self::is_apparmor_available()? {
            return Ok(()); // AppArmor not available, skip
        }
        
        // Load AppArmor profiles for installed packages
        let profiles = Self::find_apparmor_profiles(deployment_path)?;
        
        for profile in profiles {
            Self::load_apparmor_profile(&profile)?;
        }
        
        Ok(())
    }
    
    // Check if AppArmor is available
    fn is_apparmor_available() -> Result<bool, Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
        let output = Command::new("apparmor_status")
            .output();
        
        match output {
            Ok(_) => Ok(true),
            Err(_) => Ok(false),
        }
    }
    
    // Find AppArmor profiles in deployment
    fn find_apparmor_profiles(deployment_path: &str) -> Result<Vec<String>, Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
        let mut profiles = Vec::new();
        
        // Look for profiles in /etc/apparmor.d
        let apparmor_path = format!("{}/etc/apparmor.d", deployment_path);
        
        if std::path::Path::new(&apparmor_path).exists() {
            for entry in std::fs::read_dir(&apparmor_path)? {
                let entry = entry?;
                let path = entry.path();
                
                if path.is_file() && path.extension().map_or(false, |ext| ext == "profile") {
                    if let Some(name) = path.file_name() {
                        profiles.push(name.to_string_lossy().to_string());
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        
        Ok(profiles)
    }
    
    // Load AppArmor profile
    fn load_apparmor_profile(profile: &str) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
        let output = Command::new("apparmor_parser")
            .args(&["-r", profile])
            .output()?;
        
        if !output.status.success() {
            return Err(format!(
                "Failed to load AppArmor profile {}: {}",
                profile,
                String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr)
            ).into());
        }
        
        Ok(())
    }
}
```

## Development Tools Integration

### Git Integration

apt-ostree uses Git for version control of configuration:

```rust
// Git integration in src/system.rs
use std::process::Command;

pub struct GitManager;

impl GitManager {
    // Initialize Git repository for configuration tracking
    pub fn initialize_git_repo(
        config_path: &str,
    ) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
        // Initialize Git repository
        let output = Command::new("git")
            .args(&["init"])
            .current_dir(config_path)
            .output()?;
        
        if !output.status.success() {
            return Err(format!(
                "Failed to initialize Git repository: {}",
                String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr)
            ).into());
        }
        
        // Create initial commit
        Self::commit_config_changes(config_path, "Initial configuration")?;
        
        Ok(())
    }
    
    // Commit configuration changes
    pub fn commit_config_changes(
        config_path: &str,
        message: &str,
    ) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
        // Add all changes
        let output = Command::new("git")
            .args(&["add", "."])
            .current_dir(config_path)
            .output()?;
        
        if !output.status.success() {
            return Err(format!(
                "Failed to stage changes: {}",
                String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr)
            ).into());
        }
        
        // Create commit
        let output = Command::new("git")
            .args(&["commit", "-m", message])
            .current_dir(config_path)
            .output()?;
        
        if !output.status.success() {
            return Err(format!(
                "Failed to create commit: {}",
                String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr)
            ).into());
        }
        
        Ok(())
    }
    
    // Get configuration history
    pub fn get_config_history(
        config_path: &str,
    ) -> Result<Vec<String>, Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
        let output = Command::new("git")
            .args(&["log", "--oneline"])
            .current_dir(config_path)
            .output()?;
        
        if !output.status.success() {
            return Err(format!(
                "Failed to get Git history: {}",
                String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr)
            ).into());
        }
        
        let history = String::from_utf8(output.stdout)?
            .lines()
            .map(|line| line.to_string())
            .collect();
        
        Ok(history)
    }
}
```

## Testing Tools Integration

### Integration Testing

apt-ostree integrates with various testing tools:

```rust
// Testing integration in src/tests/
pub struct AptOstreeTesting;

impl AptOstreeTesting {
    // Run integration tests
    pub fn run_integration_tests(
        test_suite: &str,
    ) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
        // Run specific test suite
        let output = Command::new("cargo")
            .args(&["test", "--test", test_suite])
            .output()?;
        
        if !output.status.success() {
            return Err(format!(
                "Integration tests failed: {}",
                String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr)
            ).into());
        }
        
        Ok(())
    }
    
    // Run unit tests
    pub fn run_unit_tests() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
        // Run unit tests
        let output = Command::new("cargo")
            .args(&["test"])
            .output()?;
        
        if !output.status.success() {
            return Err(format!(
                "Unit tests failed: {}",
                String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr)
            ).into());
        }
        
        Ok(())
    }
    
    // Run performance benchmarks
    pub fn run_performance_benchmarks() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
        // Run performance benchmarks
        let output = Command::new("cargo")
            .args(&["bench"])
            .output()?;
        
        if !output.status.success() {
            return Err(format!(
                "Performance benchmarks failed: {}",
                String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr)
            ).into());
        }
        
        Ok(())
    }
    
    // Run end-to-end tests
    pub fn run_end_to_end_tests() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
        // Run end-to-end tests in container environment
        let output = Command::new("docker")
            .args(&[
                "run", "--rm", "-v", ".:/workspace", "-w", "/workspace",
                "ubuntu:24.04", "cargo", "test", "--test", "e2e"
            ])
            .output()?;
        
        if !output.status.success() {
            return Err(format!(
                "End-to-end tests failed: {}",
                String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr)
            ).into());
        }
        
        Ok(())
    }
}
```

## Monitoring and Logging Tools

### Journald Integration

apt-ostree integrates with systemd-journald for logging:

```rust
// Journald integration in src/logging.rs
use std::process::Command;

pub struct JournaldLogger;

impl JournaldLogger {
    // Log apt-ostree events to journald
    pub fn log_event(
        event_type: &str,
        message: &str,
        package_name: Option<&str>,
    ) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
        let mut cmd = Command::new("logger");
        
        cmd.args(&[
            "-t", "apt-ostree",
            "-p", "info",
            &format!("EVENT_TYPE={} MESSAGE={} PACKAGE_NAME={}",
                    event_type,
                    message,
                    package_name.unwrap_or(""))
        ]);
        
        let output = cmd.output()?;
        
        if !output.status.success() {
            return Err(format!(
                "Failed to log to journald: {}",
                String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr)
            ).into());
        }
        
        Ok(())
    }
    
    // Log error events
    pub fn log_error(
        error_message: &str,
        operation: &str,
        error: &dyn std::error::Error,
    ) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
        let mut cmd = Command::new("logger");
        
        cmd.args(&[
            "-t", "apt-ostree",
            "-p", "err",
            &format!("ERROR_MESSAGE={} OPERATION={} ERROR={}",
                    error_message,
                    operation,
                    error)
        ]);
        
        let output = cmd.output()?;
        
        if !output.status.success() {
            return Err(format!(
                "Failed to log error to journald: {}",
                String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr)
            ).into());
        }
        
        Ok(())
    }
    
    // Log transaction events
    pub fn log_transaction(
        transaction_id: &str,
        operation: &str,
        status: &str,
    ) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
        let mut cmd = Command::new("logger");
        
        cmd.args(&[
            "-t", "apt-ostree",
            "-p", "info",
            &format!("TRANSACTION_ID={} OPERATION={} STATUS={}",
                    transaction_id,
                    operation,
                    status)
        ]);
        
        let output = cmd.output()?;
        
        if !output.status.success() {
            return Err(format!(
                "Failed to log transaction to journald: {}",
                String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr)
            ).into());
        }
        
        Ok(())
    }
}
```

## Ubuntu/Debian Specific Tools

### mmdebstrap Integration

apt-ostree uses mmdebstrap for efficient base system creation:

```rust
// mmdebstrap integration in src/apt.rs
use std::process::Command;

pub struct MmdebstrapManager;

impl MmdebstrapManager {
    // Create base system with mmdebstrap
    pub fn create_base_system(
        release: &str,
        arch: &str,
        output_path: &str,
        packages: &[String],
    ) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
        let mut cmd = Command::new("mmdebstrap");
        
        // Add basic arguments
        cmd.args(&[
            "--arch", arch,
            "--variant", "minbase",
            release,
            output_path,
        ]);
        
        // Add additional packages if specified
        if !packages.is_empty() {
            cmd.arg("--include");
            cmd.arg(&packages.join(","));
        }
        
        let output = cmd.output()?;
        
        if !output.status.success() {
            return Err(format!(
                "Failed to create base system: {}",
                String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr)
            ).into());
        }
        
        Ok(())
    }
    
    // Create package layer
    pub fn create_package_layer(
        release: &str,
        arch: &str,
        base_path: &str,
        output_path: &str,
        packages: &[String],
    ) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
        let mut cmd = Command::new("mmdebstrap");
        
        // Add basic arguments
        cmd.args(&[
            "--arch", arch,
            release,
            output_path,
            base_path,
        ]);
        
        // Add packages to include
        if !packages.is_empty() {
            cmd.arg("--include");
            cmd.arg(&packages.join(","));
        }
        
        let output = cmd.output()?;
        
        if !output.status.success() {
            return Err(format!(
                "Failed to create package layer: {}",
                String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr)
            ).into());
        }
        
        Ok(())
    }
}
```

## Future Tool Integrations

### Planned Integrations

1. **OCI Container Tools**: Integration with container tools for image management
2. **Bootc Compatibility**: Integration with bootc for container-native deployments
3. **Composefs Integration**: Enhanced filesystem layering with composefs
4. **Enhanced Monitoring**: Integration with Prometheus and Grafana for metrics

### Integration Roadmap

- **Phase 1**: Core tool integrations (✅ Complete)
- **Phase 2**: Security tool integrations (✅ Complete)
- **Phase 3**: Monitoring and logging (✅ Complete)
- **Phase 4**: Container tool integrations (🔄 In Progress)
- **Phase 5**: Advanced monitoring (📋 Planned)

## Ubuntu/Debian Specific Considerations

### Package Management Differences

apt-ostree adapts to Ubuntu/Debian package management conventions:

```rust
// Ubuntu/Debian specific package management in src/apt.rs
impl AptManager {
    // Handle Ubuntu/Debian specific package operations
    pub fn handle_ubuntu_specific_operations(
        &self,
        package: &str,
    ) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
        // Handle Ubuntu-specific package configurations
        if package.contains("ubuntu") {
            self.configure_ubuntu_package(package)?;
        }
        
        // Handle Debian-specific package configurations
        if package.contains("debian") {
            self.configure_debian_package(package)?;
        }
        
        Ok(())
    }
    
    // Configure Ubuntu-specific packages
    fn configure_ubuntu_package(&self, package: &str) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
        // Handle Ubuntu-specific configurations
        match package {
            "ubuntu-desktop" => {
                // Configure desktop environment
                self.configure_desktop_environment()?;
            }
            "ubuntu-server" => {
                // Configure server environment
                self.configure_server_environment()?;
            }
            _ => {
                // Handle other Ubuntu packages
            }
        }
        
        Ok(())
    }
    
    // Configure Debian-specific packages
    fn configure_debian_package(&self, package: &str) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
        // Handle Debian-specific configurations
        match package {
            "debian-desktop" => {
                // Configure Debian desktop environment
                self.configure_debian_desktop()?;
            }
            _ => {
                // Handle other Debian packages
            }
        }
        
        Ok(())
    }
}
```