diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 648277d7..9fb5be89 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -25,3 +25,5 @@ venv
 /.tox
 
 /test/data/certs/lib.sh
+
+debian-forge
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/stages/org.osbuild.apt b/stages/org.osbuild.apt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..39b3063a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stages/org.osbuild.apt
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python3
+import os
+import sys
+import subprocess
+import json
+
+import osbuild.api
+
+
+def run_apt_command(tree, command, env=None):
+    """Run apt command in the target filesystem"""
+    if env is None:
+        env = {}
+    
+    # Set up environment for non-interactive operation
+    apt_env = {
+        "DEBIAN_FRONTEND": "noninteractive",
+        "PATH": "/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
+    }
+    apt_env.update(env)
+    
+    # Run command in chroot
+    cmd = ["chroot", tree] + command
+    result = subprocess.run(cmd, env=apt_env, capture_output=True, text=True)
+    
+    if result.returncode != 0:
+        print(f"Error running apt command: {command}")
+        print(f"stdout: {result.stdout}")
+        print(f"stderr: {result.stderr}")
+        return False
+    
+    return True
+
+
+def main(tree, options):
+    """Main function for apt stage"""
+    
+    # Get options
+    packages = options.get("packages", [])
+    recommends = options.get("recommends", False)
+    unauthenticated = options.get("unauthenticated", False)
+    update = options.get("update", True)
+    
+    if not packages:
+        print("No packages specified for installation")
+        return 1
+    
+    # Update package lists if requested
+    if update:
+        print("Updating package lists...")
+        if not run_apt_command(tree, ["apt-get", "update"]):
+            return 1
+    
+    # Build apt-get install command
+    apt_options = ["apt-get", "-y"]
+    
+    if not recommends:
+        apt_options.append("--no-install-recommends")
+    
+    if unauthenticated:
+        apt_options.append("--allow-unauthenticated")
+    
+    apt_options.extend(["install"] + packages)
+    
+    # Install packages
+    print(f"Installing packages: {', '.join(packages)}")
+    if not run_apt_command(tree, apt_options):
+        return 1
+    
+    # Clean up package cache
+    print("Cleaning package cache...")
+    if not run_apt_command(tree, ["apt-get", "clean"]):
+        return 1
+    
+    print("Package installation completed successfully")
+    return 0
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    args = osbuild.api.arguments()
+    r = main(args["tree"], args["options"])
+    sys.exit(r)
diff --git a/stages/org.osbuild.apt.meta.json b/stages/org.osbuild.apt.meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c8a6504f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stages/org.osbuild.apt.meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+{
+  "name": "org.osbuild.apt",
+  "version": "1",
+  "description": "Install Debian packages using apt",
+  "options": {
+    "type": "object",
+    "properties": {
+      "packages": {
+        "type": "array",
+        "items": {
+          "type": "string"
+        },
+        "description": "List of packages to install"
+      },
+      "recommends": {
+        "type": "boolean",
+        "default": false,
+        "description": "Install recommended packages"
+      },
+      "unauthenticated": {
+        "type": "boolean",
+        "default": false,
+        "description": "Allow unauthenticated packages"
+      },
+      "update": {
+        "type": "boolean",
+        "default": true,
+        "description": "Update package lists before installation"
+      }
+    },
+    "required": ["packages"]
+  },
+  "inputs": {
+    "type": "object",
+    "additionalProperties": false
+  },
+  "devices": {
+    "type": "object",
+    "additionalProperties": false
+  },
+  "mounts": {
+    "type": "object",
+    "additionalProperties": false
+  },
+  "capabilities": {
+    "type": "array",
+    "items": {
+      "type": "string"
+    },
+    "default": ["CAP_CHOWN", "CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE", "CAP_FOWNER", "CAP_FSETID", "CAP_MKNOD", "CAP_SETGID", "CAP_SETUID", "CAP_SYS_CHROOT"]
+  }
+}
diff --git a/stages/org.osbuild.debootstrap b/stages/org.osbuild.debootstrap
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9d99fdd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stages/org.osbuild.debootstrap
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python3
+import os
+import sys
+import subprocess
+import tempfile
+import shutil
+
+import osbuild.api
+
+
+def run_debootstrap(suite, target, mirror, arch=None, variant=None, extra_packages=None):
+    """Run debootstrap to create base Debian filesystem"""
+    
+    cmd = ["debootstrap"]
+    
+    if arch:
+        cmd.extend(["--arch", arch])
+    
+    if variant:
+        cmd.extend(["--variant", variant])
+    
+    if extra_packages:
+        cmd.extend(["--include", ",".join(extra_packages)])
+    
+    cmd.extend([suite, target, mirror])
+    
+    print(f"Running debootstrap: {' '.join(cmd)}")
+    
+    result = subprocess.run(cmd, capture_output=True, text=True)
+    
+    if result.returncode != 0:
+        print(f"Error running debootstrap:")
+        print(f"stdout: {result.stdout}")
+        print(f"stderr: {result.stderr}")
+        return False
+    
+    return True
+
+
+def setup_apt_sources(tree, suite, mirror):
+    """Set up apt sources.list for the target filesystem"""
+    
+    sources_content = f"""deb {mirror} {suite} main
+deb {mirror} {suite}-updates main
+deb {mirror} {suite}-security main
+"""
+    
+    sources_path = os.path.join(tree, "etc/apt/sources.list")
+    os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(sources_path), exist_ok=True)
+    
+    with open(sources_path, "w") as f:
+        f.write(sources_content)
+    
+    print(f"Created sources.list for {suite}")
+
+
+def main(tree, options):
+    """Main function for debootstrap stage"""
+    
+    # Get options
+    suite = options.get("suite", "bookworm")
+    mirror = options.get("mirror", "http://deb.debian.org/debian")
+    arch = options.get("arch")
+    variant = options.get("variant", "minbase")
+    extra_packages = options.get("extra_packages", [])
+    
+    if not suite:
+        print("No suite specified for debootstrap")
+        return 1
+    
+    if not mirror:
+        print("No mirror specified for debootstrap")
+        return 1
+    
+    # Create temporary directory for debootstrap
+    with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as temp_dir:
+        print(f"Creating base Debian filesystem in {temp_dir}")
+        
+        # Run debootstrap
+        if not run_debootstrap(suite, temp_dir, mirror, arch, variant, extra_packages):
+            return 1
+        
+        # Set up apt sources
+        setup_apt_sources(temp_dir, suite, mirror)
+        
+        # Copy files to target tree
+        print(f"Copying filesystem to target tree: {tree}")
+        
+        # Ensure target directory exists
+        os.makedirs(tree, exist_ok=True)
+        
+        # Copy all files from temp directory to target
+        for item in os.listdir(temp_dir):
+            src = os.path.join(temp_dir, item)
+            dst = os.path.join(tree, item)
+            
+            if os.path.isdir(src):
+                if os.path.exists(dst):
+                    shutil.rmtree(dst)
+                shutil.copytree(src, dst)
+            else:
+                shutil.copy2(src, dst)
+    
+    print("Base Debian filesystem created successfully")
+    return 0
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    args = osbuild.api.arguments()
+    r = main(args["tree"], args["options"])
+    sys.exit(r)
diff --git a/stages/org.osbuild.debootstrap.meta.json b/stages/org.osbuild.debootstrap.meta.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..854392c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stages/org.osbuild.debootstrap.meta.json
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+{
+  "name": "org.osbuild.debootstrap",
+  "version": "1",
+  "description": "Create base Debian filesystem using debootstrap",
+  "options": {
+    "type": "object",
+    "properties": {
+      "suite": {
+        "type": "string",
+        "default": "bookworm",
+        "description": "Debian suite to bootstrap (e.g., bookworm, sid)"
+      },
+      "mirror": {
+        "type": "string",
+        "default": "http://deb.debian.org/debian",
+        "description": "Debian mirror URL"
+      },
+      "arch": {
+        "type": "string",
+        "description": "Target architecture (e.g., amd64, arm64)"
+      },
+      "variant": {
+        "type": "string",
+        "default": "minbase",
+        "description": "Debootstrap variant (e.g., minbase, buildd)"
+      },
+      "extra_packages": {
+        "type": "array",
+        "items": {
+          "type": "string"
+        },
+        "default": [],
+        "description": "Additional packages to include in base filesystem"
+      }
+    },
+    "required": ["suite", "mirror"]
+  },
+  "inputs": {
+    "type": "object",
+    "additionalProperties": false
+  },
+  "devices": {
+    "type": "object",
+    "additionalProperties": false
+  },
+  "mounts": {
+    "type": "object",
+    "additionalProperties": false
+  },
+  "capabilities": {
+    "type": "array",
+    "items": {
+      "type": "string"
+    },
+    "default": ["CAP_CHOWN", "CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE", "CAP_FOWNER", "CAP_FSETID", "CAP_MKNOD", "CAP_SETGID", "CAP_SETUID"]
+  }
+}
diff --git a/stages/org.osbuild.ostree.commit b/stages/org.osbuild.ostree.commit
index 812440b0..2f8f23ad 100755
--- a/stages/org.osbuild.ostree.commit
+++ b/stages/org.osbuild.ostree.commit
@@ -1,73 +1,122 @@
 #!/usr/bin/python3
-import json
 import os
-import subprocess
 import sys
+import subprocess
+import json
 import tempfile
 
-from osbuild import api
-from osbuild.util import ostree
+import osbuild.api
 
 
-def main(inputs, output_dir, options, meta):
-    tree = inputs["tree"]["path"]
-    selinux_label_version = options.get("selinux-label-version", 0)
+def run_ostree_command(cmd, cwd=None, env=None):
+    """Run ostree command and return result"""
+    if env is None:
+        env = {}
+    
+    result = subprocess.run(cmd, cwd=cwd, env=env, capture_output=True, text=True)
+    
+    if result.returncode != 0:
+        print(f"Error running ostree command: {' '.join(cmd)}")
+        print(f"stdout: {result.stdout}")
+        print(f"stderr: {result.stderr}")
+        return False, result.stderr
+    
+    return True, result.stdout
 
-    ref = options["ref"]
-    os_version = options.get("os_version", None)
-    parent = options.get("parent", None)
 
-    # rpm-ostree compose commit wants to consume the commit
-    # so for now, we copy the whole tree and let it have its
-    # way
-    with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory(dir=output_dir) as root:
-        subprocess.run(["cp", "--reflink=auto", "-a",
-                        f"{tree}/.", root],
-                       check=True)
+def create_ostree_repo(repo_path):
+    """Create OSTree repository if it doesn't exist"""
+    if not os.path.exists(repo_path):
+        print(f"Creating OSTree repository at {repo_path}")
+        success, _ = run_ostree_command(["ostree", "init", "--repo", repo_path])
+        if not success:
+            return False
+    return True
 
-        repo = os.path.join(output_dir, "repo")
 
-        treefile = ostree.Treefile()
-        treefile["ref"] = ref
-        if selinux_label_version != 0:
-            # Don't set if 0 (default), to support older rpm-ostree versions
-            treefile["selinux-label-version"] = selinux_label_version
+def create_commit(repo_path, tree_path, branch, subject, metadata=None, collection_id=None, ref_binding=None):
+    """Create OSTree commit from filesystem tree"""
+    
+    # Prepare commit command
+    cmd = ["ostree", "commit", "--repo", repo_path, "--branch", branch]
+    
+    if subject:
+        cmd.extend(["--subject", subject])
+    
+    if collection_id:
+        cmd.extend(["--collection-id", collection_id])
+    
+    if ref_binding:
+        for ref in ref_binding:
+            cmd.extend(["--ref-binding", ref])
+    
+    if metadata:
+        for key, value in metadata.items():
+            cmd.extend(["--add-metadata-string", f"{key}={value}"])
+    
+    # Add tree path
+    cmd.append(tree_path)
+    
+    print(f"Creating OSTree commit: {' '.join(cmd)}")
+    
+    success, output = run_ostree_command(cmd)
+    if not success:
+        return False, None
+    
+    # Extract commit hash from output
+    commit_hash = output.strip()
+    print(f"Created commit: {commit_hash}")
+    
+    return True, commit_hash
 
-        argv = ["rpm-ostree", "compose", "commit"]
-        argv += [f"--repo={repo}"]
 
-        if parent:
-            argv += [f"--parent={parent}"]
-
-        if os_version:
-            argv += [
-                f"--add-metadata-string=version={os_version}",
-            ]
-
-        argv += [
-            f"--add-metadata-string=rpmostree.inputhash={meta['id']}",
-            f"--write-composejson-to={output_dir}/compose.json"
-        ]
-
-        with treefile.as_tmp_file() as path:
-            argv += [path, root]
-
-            subprocess.run(argv,
-                           stdout=sys.stderr,
-                           check=True)
-
-        with open(os.path.join(output_dir, "compose.json"), "r", encoding="utf8") as f:
-            compose = json.load(f)
-
-        api.metadata({"compose": compose})
+def main(tree, options):
+    """Main function for ostree commit stage"""
+    
+    # Get options
+    repository = options.get("repository", "ostree-repo")
+    branch = options.get("branch", "debian/atomic")
+    subject = options.get("subject", "Debian atomic commit")
+    metadata = options.get("metadata", {})
+    collection_id = options.get("collection_id")
+    ref_binding = options.get("ref_binding", [])
+    
+    if not branch:
+        print("No branch specified for OSTree commit")
+        return 1
+    
+    # Create repository path
+    repo_path = os.path.join(tree, repository)
+    
+    # Create OSTree repository
+    if not create_ostree_repo(repo_path):
+        return 1
+    
+    # Create commit
+    success, commit_hash = create_commit(
+        repo_path, tree, branch, subject, metadata, collection_id, ref_binding
+    )
+    
+    if not success:
+        return 1
+    
+    # Write commit info to output
+    commit_info = {
+        "repository": repository,
+        "branch": branch,
+        "commit": commit_hash,
+        "subject": subject
+    }
+    
+    output_file = os.path.join(tree, "ostree-commit.json")
+    with open(output_file, "w") as f:
+        json.dump(commit_info, f, indent=2)
+    
+    print("OSTree commit created successfully")
+    return 0
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
-    args = api.arguments()
-
-    r = main(args["inputs"],
-             args["tree"],
-             args["options"],
-             args["meta"])
-
+    args = osbuild.api.arguments()
+    r = main(args["tree"], args["options"])
     sys.exit(r)
diff --git a/stages/org.osbuild.ostree.commit.meta.json b/stages/org.osbuild.ostree.commit.meta.json
index 99ee0548..9150e394 100644
--- a/stages/org.osbuild.ostree.commit.meta.json
+++ b/stages/org.osbuild.ostree.commit.meta.json
@@ -1,58 +1,65 @@
 {
-  "summary": "Assemble a file system tree into a ostree commit",
-  "description": [
-    "Needs a file system tree that is already conforming to the ostree",
-    "system layout[1], specified via the `tree` input and commits it",
-    "to a repository. The repository must have been created at `/repo`.",
-    "Additional metadata is stored in `/compose.json` which contains",
-    "the commit compose information. This is also returned via the",
-    "metadata API to osbuild.",
-    "[1] https://ostree.readthedocs.io/en/stable/manual/adapting-existing/"
-  ],
-  "capabilities": [
-    "CAP_MAC_ADMIN",
-    "CAP_NET_ADMIN",
-    "CAP_SYS_PTRACE"
-  ],
-  "schema_2": {
-    "options": {
-      "additionalProperties": false,
-      "required": [
-        "ref"
-      ],
-      "properties": {
-        "ref": {
-          "description": "OStree ref to create for the commit",
-          "type": "string",
-          "default": ""
-        },
-        "os_version": {
-          "description": "Set the version of the OS as commit metadata",
+  "name": "org.osbuild.ostree.commit",
+  "version": "1",
+  "description": "Create OSTree commit from filesystem tree",
+  "options": {
+    "type": "object",
+    "properties": {
+      "repository": {
+        "type": "string",
+        "default": "ostree-repo",
+        "description": "OSTree repository name/path"
+      },
+      "branch": {
+        "type": "string",
+        "default": "debian/atomic",
+        "description": "OSTree branch name for the commit"
+      },
+      "subject": {
+        "type": "string",
+        "default": "Debian atomic commit",
+        "description": "Commit message/subject"
+      },
+      "metadata": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "additionalProperties": {
           "type": "string"
         },
-        "parent": {
-          "description": "commit id of the parent commit",
+        "default": {},
+        "description": "Additional metadata key-value pairs"
+      },
+      "collection_id": {
+        "type": "string",
+        "description": "Collection ID for ref binding"
+      },
+      "ref_binding": {
+        "type": "array",
+        "items": {
           "type": "string"
         },
-        "selinux-label-version": {
-          "description": "Set selinux label version",
-          "type": "integer",
-          "default": 0
-        }
+        "default": [],
+        "description": "List of ref bindings for the commit"
       }
     },
-    "inputs": {
-      "type": "object",
-      "additionalProperties": false,
-      "required": [
-        "tree"
-      ],
-      "properties": {
-        "tree": {
-          "type": "object",
-          "additionalProperties": true
-        }
-      }
-    }
+    "required": ["branch"]
+  },
+  "inputs": {
+    "type": "object",
+    "additionalProperties": false
+  },
+  "devices": {
+    "type": "object",
+    "additionalProperties": false
+  },
+  "mounts": {
+    "type": "object",
+    "additionalProperties": false
+  },
+  "capabilities": {
+    "type": "array",
+    "items": {
+      "type": "string"
+    },
+    "default": ["CAP_CHOWN", "CAP_DAC_OVERRIDE", "CAP_FOWNER", "CAP_FSETID", "CAP_MKNOD", "CAP_SETGID", "CAP_SETUID"]
   }
 }