diff --git a/osbuild/solver/__init__.py b/osbuild/solver/__init__.py
index 64fd2778..70ec264d 100755
--- a/osbuild/solver/__init__.py
+++ b/osbuild/solver/__init__.py
@@ -40,6 +40,10 @@ class RepoError(SolverException):
     pass
 
 
+class NoReposError(SolverException):
+    pass
+
+
 class MarkingError(SolverException):
     pass
 
diff --git a/osbuild/solver/dnf.py b/osbuild/solver/dnf.py
index 5918e712..3fc01872 100755
--- a/osbuild/solver/dnf.py
+++ b/osbuild/solver/dnf.py
@@ -11,7 +11,15 @@ from typing import Dict, List
 import dnf
 import hawkey
 
-from osbuild.solver import DepsolveError, MarkingError, RepoError, SolverBase, modify_rootdir_path, read_keys
+from osbuild.solver import (
+    DepsolveError,
+    MarkingError,
+    NoReposError,
+    RepoError,
+    SolverBase,
+    modify_rootdir_path,
+    read_keys,
+)
 from osbuild.util.sbom.dnf import dnf_pkgset_to_sbom_pkgset
 from osbuild.util.sbom.spdx import sbom_pkgset_to_spdx2_doc
 
@@ -92,6 +100,9 @@ class DNF(SolverBase):
         except dnf.exceptions.Error as e:
             raise RepoError(e) from e
 
+        if not self.base.repos._any_enabled():
+            raise NoReposError("There are no enabled repositories")
+
         # enable module resolving
         self.base_module = dnf.module.module_base.ModuleBase(self.base)
 
diff --git a/osbuild/solver/dnf5.py b/osbuild/solver/dnf5.py
index 3a6ed401..5b75bcfe 100755
--- a/osbuild/solver/dnf5.py
+++ b/osbuild/solver/dnf5.py
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ from libdnf5.common import QueryCmp_GLOB as GLOB
 from osbuild.solver import (
     DepsolveError,
     MarkingError,
+    NoReposError,
     RepoError,
     SolverBase,
     modify_rootdir_path,
@@ -48,6 +49,12 @@ def _invert(dct):
     return {v: k for k in dct for v in dct[k]}
 
 
+def any_repos_enabled(base):
+    """Return true if any repositories are enabled"""
+    rq = dnf5.repo.RepoQuery(base)
+    return rq.begin() != rq.end()
+
+
 class DNF5(SolverBase):
     """Solver implements package related actions
 
@@ -168,6 +175,9 @@ class DNF5(SolverBase):
         except RuntimeError as e:
             raise RepoError(e) from e
 
+        if not any_repos_enabled(self.base):
+            raise NoReposError("There are no enabled repositories")
+
         # Custom license index file path use for SBOM generation
         self.license_index_path = license_index_path
 
diff --git a/tools/osbuild-depsolve-dnf b/tools/osbuild-depsolve-dnf
index a38fc250..4c6b81a9 100755
--- a/tools/osbuild-depsolve-dnf
+++ b/tools/osbuild-depsolve-dnf
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ import os.path
 import sys
 import tempfile
 
-from osbuild.solver import GPGKeyReadError, MarkingError, DepsolveError, RepoError, InvalidRequestError
+from osbuild.solver import GPGKeyReadError, MarkingError, DepsolveError, NoReposError, RepoError, InvalidRequestError
 
 # Load the solver configuration
 config = {"use_dnf5": False}
@@ -77,6 +77,11 @@ def solve(request, cache_dir):
                 "kind": "RepoError",
                 "reason": f"There was a problem reading a repository: {e}"
             }
+        except NoReposError as e:
+            return None, {
+                "kind": "NoReposError",
+                "reason": f"There was a problem finding repositories: {e}"
+            }
         except MarkingError as e:
             printe("error install_specs")
             return None, {
diff --git a/tools/test/test_depsolve.py b/tools/test/test_depsolve.py
index 8727c4ba..348ff3d5 100644
--- a/tools/test/test_depsolve.py
+++ b/tools/test/test_depsolve.py
@@ -1865,3 +1865,28 @@ def test_depsolve_result_api(tmp_path, repo_servers):
         "data",
         "path",
     ]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("dnf_config, detect_fn", [
+    ({}, assert_dnf),
+    ({"use_dnf5": False}, assert_dnf),
+    ({"use_dnf5": True}, assert_dnf5),
+], ids=["no-config", "dnf4", "dnf5"])
+def test_depsolve_no_repos(tmp_path, dnf_config, detect_fn):
+    try:
+        detect_fn()
+    except RuntimeError as e:
+        pytest.skip(str(e))
+
+    transactions = [
+        {
+            "package-specs": [
+                "filesystem",
+                "pkg-with-no-deps"
+            ],
+        },
+    ]
+    res, exit_code = depsolve(transactions, tmp_path.as_posix(), dnf_config, root_dir=tmp_path.as_posix())
+    assert exit_code == 1
+    assert res["kind"] == "NoReposError"
+    assert "There are no enabled repositories" in res["reason"]