---
description: 'Require Promise-like statements to be handled appropriately.'
---

import Tabs from '@theme/Tabs';
import TabItem from '@theme/TabItem';

> 🛑 This file is source code, not the primary documentation location! 🛑
>
> See **https://typescript-eslint.io/rules/no-floating-promises** for documentation.

A "floating" Promise is one that is created without any code set up to handle any errors it might throw.
Floating Promises can cause several issues, such as improperly sequenced operations, ignored Promise rejections, and more.

This rule reports when a Promise is created and not properly handled.
Valid ways of handling a Promise-valued statement include:

- `await`ing it
- `return`ing it
- `void`ing it
- Calling its `.then()` with two arguments
- Calling its `.catch()` with one argument

This rule also reports when an Array containing Promises is created and not properly handled. The main way to resolve this is by using one of the Promise concurrency methods to create a single Promise, then handling that according to the procedure above. These methods include:

- `Promise.all()`
- `Promise.allSettled()`
- `Promise.any()`
- `Promise.race()`

:::tip
`no-floating-promises` only detects unhandled Promise _statements_.
See [`no-misused-promises`](./no-misused-promises.mdx) for detecting code that provides Promises to _logical_ locations such as if statements.
:::

## Examples

<Tabs>
<TabItem value="❌ Incorrect">

```ts
const promise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => resolve('value'));
promise;

async function returnsPromise() {
  return 'value';
}
returnsPromise().then(() => {});

Promise.reject('value').catch();

Promise.reject('value').finally();

[1, 2, 3].map(async x => x + 1);
```

</TabItem>
<TabItem value="✅ Correct">

```ts
const promise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => resolve('value'));
await promise;

async function returnsPromise() {
  return 'value';
}

void returnsPromise();

returnsPromise().then(
  () => {},
  () => {},
);

Promise.reject('value').catch(() => {});

await Promise.reject('value').finally(() => {});

await Promise.all([1, 2, 3].map(async x => x + 1));
```

</TabItem>
</Tabs>

## Options

### `checkThenables`

A ["Thenable"](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Promise#thenables) value is an object which has a `then` method, such as a `Promise`.
Other Thenables include TypeScript's built-in `PromiseLike` interface and any custom object that happens to have a `.then()`.

The `checkThenables` option triggers `no-floating-promises` to also consider all values that satisfy the Thenable shape (a `.then()` method that takes two callback parameters), not just Promises.
This can be useful if your code works with older `Promise` polyfills instead of the native `Promise` class.

<Tabs>
<TabItem value="❌ Incorrect">

```ts option='{"checkThenables": true}'
declare function createPromiseLike(): PromiseLike<string>;

createPromiseLike();

interface MyThenable {
  then(onFulfilled: () => void, onRejected: () => void): MyThenable;
}

declare function createMyThenable(): MyThenable;

createMyThenable();
```

</TabItem>
<TabItem value="✅ Correct">

```ts option='{"checkThenables": true}'
declare function createPromiseLike(): PromiseLike<string>;

await createPromiseLike();

interface MyThenable {
  then(onFulfilled: () => void, onRejected: () => void): MyThenable;
}

declare function createMyThenable(): MyThenable;

await createMyThenable();
```

</TabItem>
</Tabs>

### `ignoreVoid`

This option, which is `true` by default, allows you to stop the rule reporting promises consumed with void operator.
This can be a good way to explicitly mark a promise as intentionally not awaited.

Examples of **correct** code for this rule with `{ ignoreVoid: true }`:

```ts option='{ "ignoreVoid": true }' showPlaygroundButton
async function returnsPromise() {
  return 'value';
}
void returnsPromise();

void Promise.reject('value');
```

With this option set to `true`, and if you are using `no-void`, you should turn on the [`allowAsStatement`](https://eslint.org/docs/rules/no-void#allowasstatement) option.

### `ignoreIIFE`

This allows you to skip checking of async IIFEs (Immediately Invoked Function Expressions).

Examples of **correct** code for this rule with `{ ignoreIIFE: true }`:

{/* prettier-ignore */}
```ts option='{ "ignoreIIFE": true }' showPlaygroundButton
await (async function () {
  await res(1);
})();

(async function () {
  await res(1);
})();
```

### `allowForKnownSafePromises`

This option allows marking specific types as "safe" to be floating. For example, you may need to do this in the case of libraries whose APIs return Promises whose rejections are safely handled by the library.

This option takes an array of type specifiers to consider safe.
Each item in the array must have one of the following forms:

- A type defined in a file (`{ from: "file", name: "Foo", path: "src/foo-file.ts" }` with `path` being an optional path relative to the project root directory)
- A type from the default library (`{ from: "lib", name: "PromiseLike" }`)
- A type from a package (`{ from: "package", name: "Foo", package: "foo-lib" }`, this also works for types defined in a typings package).

Examples of code for this rule with:

```json
{
  "allowForKnownSafePromises": [
    { "from": "file", "name": "SafePromise" },
    { "from": "lib", "name": "PromiseLike" },
    { "from": "package", "name": "Bar", "package": "bar-lib" }
  ]
}
```

<Tabs>
<TabItem value="❌ Incorrect">

```ts option='{"allowForKnownSafePromises":[{"from":"file","name":"SafePromise"},{"from":"lib","name":"PromiseLike"},{"from":"package","name":"Bar","package":"bar-lib"}]}'
let promise: Promise<number> = Promise.resolve(2);
promise;

function returnsPromise(): Promise<number> {
  return Promise.resolve(42);
}

returnsPromise();
```

</TabItem>
<TabItem value="✅ Correct">

```ts option='{"allowForKnownSafePromises":[{"from":"file","name":"SafePromise"},{"from":"lib","name":"PromiseLike"},{"from":"package","name":"Bar","package":"bar-lib"}]}'
// promises can be marked as safe by using branded types
type SafePromise = Promise<number> & { __linterBrands?: string };

let promise: SafePromise = Promise.resolve(2);
promise;

function returnsSafePromise(): SafePromise {
  return Promise.resolve(42);
}

returnsSafePromise();
```

</TabItem>
</Tabs>

### `allowForKnownSafeCalls`

This option allows marking specific functions as "safe" to be called to create floating Promises.
For example, you may need to do this in the case of libraries whose APIs may be called without handling the resultant Promises.

This option takes the same array format as [`allowForKnownSafePromises`](#allowForKnownSafePromises).

Examples of code for this rule with:

```json
{
  "allowForKnownSafeCalls": [
    { "from": "file", "name": "safe", "path": "input.ts" }
  ]
}
```

<Tabs>
<TabItem value="❌ Incorrect">

```ts option='{"allowForKnownSafeCalls":[{"from":"file","name":"safe","path":"input.ts"}]}'
declare function unsafe(...args: unknown[]): Promise<void>;

unsafe('...', () => {});
```

</TabItem>
<TabItem value="✅ Correct">

```ts option='{"allowForKnownSafeCalls":[{"from":"file","name":"safe","path":"input.ts"}]}' skipValidation
declare function safe(...args: unknown[]): Promise<void>;

safe('...', () => {});
```

</TabItem>
</Tabs>

## When Not To Use It

This rule can be difficult to enable on large existing projects that set up many floating Promises.
Alternately, if you're not worried about crashes from floating or misused Promises -such as if you have global unhandled Promise handlers registered- then in some cases it may be safe to not use this rule.
You might consider using `void`s and/or [ESLint disable comments](https://eslint.org/docs/latest/use/configure/rules#using-configuration-comments-1) for those specific situations instead of completely disabling this rule.

## Related To

- [`no-misused-promises`](./no-misused-promises.mdx)

## Further Reading

- ["Using Promises" MDN documentation](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Using_promises). Note especially the sections on [Promise rejection events](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Using_promises#promise_rejection_events) and [Composition](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Using_promises#composition).
