526f1c1afd
- Complete documentation for all bootc commands and subcommands - Debian-specific adaptations and workarounds - Manual installation methods to bypass bootc reliability issues - Technical guides with Rust source code analysis - Flowcharts and external command references - Hidden command documentation (bootc internals, state, etc.) - Composefs integration analysis - Base image creation guides (with and without bootc binary) - Management scripts and automation - Comprehensive troubleshooting and examples
870 lines
16 KiB
Markdown
870 lines
16 KiB
Markdown
# bootc usr-overlay - External Commands Reference
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## Overview
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This document provides a comprehensive reference for all external commands, system services, and tools that interact with or are used by the `bootc usr-overlay` system. Understanding these external dependencies is crucial for troubleshooting, monitoring, and integrating bootc usr-overlay into larger systems.
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## Core System Commands
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### 1. bootc Commands
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#### bootc usr-overlay
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**Purpose**: Add transient writable overlayfs on /usr
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**Usage**: `bootc usr-overlay [OPTIONS...]`
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**External Dependencies**:
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- `ostree` - For deployment unlocking
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- `mount` - For overlay filesystem operations
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- `umount` - For overlay unmounting
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```bash
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# Add transient writable overlay on /usr
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bootc usr-overlay
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# Alternative command name
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bootc usroverlay
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```
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#### bootc status
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**Purpose**: Check system status and deployment information
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**Usage**: `bootc status [OPTIONS...]`
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**Integration**: Used to check system state before/after overlay
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```bash
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# Check system status before overlay
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bootc status
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# Add overlay
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bootc usr-overlay
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# Check system status after overlay
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bootc status
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```
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### 2. OSTree Commands
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#### ostree admin unlock
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**Purpose**: Unlock OSTree deployment for modifications
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**Usage**: `ostree admin unlock [OPTIONS...]`
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**Integration**: Core command used by bootc usr-overlay
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```bash
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# Unlock current deployment
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ostree admin unlock
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# Unlock with verbose output
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ostree admin unlock --verbose
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# Check unlock status
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ostree admin status
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```
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#### ostree admin status
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**Purpose**: Check OSTree deployment status
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**Usage**: `ostree admin status [OPTIONS...]`
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**Integration**: Used to verify deployment state
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```bash
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# Check deployment status
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ostree admin status
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# Check specific deployment
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ostree admin status --deployment=deployment-id
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# Check with verbose output
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ostree admin status --verbose
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```
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#### ostree admin lock
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**Purpose**: Lock OSTree deployment
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**Usage**: `ostree admin lock [OPTIONS...]`
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**Integration**: Used to restore read-only state
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```bash
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# Lock current deployment
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ostree admin lock
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# Lock with verbose output
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ostree admin lock --verbose
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```
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### 3. Filesystem Commands
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#### mount
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**Purpose**: Mount filesystems
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**Usage**: `mount [OPTIONS...] [DEVICE] [DIRECTORY]`
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**Integration**: Used for overlay filesystem operations
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```bash
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# List all mounts
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mount
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# List mounts for specific directory
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mount | grep /usr
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# Mount overlay filesystem
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mount -t overlay overlay -o lowerdir=/usr,upperdir=/tmp/upper,workdir=/tmp/work /usr
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```
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#### umount
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**Purpose**: Unmount filesystems
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**Usage**: `umount [OPTIONS...] [DIRECTORY]`
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**Integration**: Used for unmounting overlay
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```bash
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# Unmount /usr
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umount /usr
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# Lazy unmount /usr
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umount -l /usr
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# Force unmount /usr
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umount -f /usr
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```
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#### mountpoint
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**Purpose**: Check if directory is mount point
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**Usage**: `mountpoint [OPTIONS...] [DIRECTORY]`
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**Integration**: Used to verify mount status
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```bash
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# Check if /usr is mount point
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mountpoint /usr
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# Check with verbose output
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mountpoint -v /usr
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```
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## Package Manager Commands
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### 1. APT Commands (Debian/Ubuntu)
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#### apt
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**Purpose**: Advanced Package Tool
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**Usage**: `apt [COMMAND] [OPTIONS...]`
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**Integration**: Used for package installation in overlay
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```bash
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# Update package lists
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apt update
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# Install packages
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apt install -y package-name
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# Install multiple packages
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apt install -y strace gdb valgrind
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# Search packages
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apt search package-name
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# Show package information
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apt show package-name
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```
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#### apt-get
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**Purpose**: APT package handling utility
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**Usage**: `apt-get [COMMAND] [OPTIONS...]`
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**Integration**: Alternative to apt command
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```bash
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# Update package lists
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apt-get update
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# Install packages
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apt-get install -y package-name
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# Remove packages
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apt-get remove package-name
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# Clean package cache
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apt-get clean
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```
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#### dpkg
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**Purpose**: Debian package manager
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**Usage**: `dpkg [OPTIONS...] [PACKAGE...]`
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**Integration**: Low-level package operations
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```bash
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# Install package
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dpkg -i package.deb
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# List installed packages
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dpkg -l
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# Show package information
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dpkg -s package-name
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# Check package status
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dpkg -l | grep package-name
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```
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### 2. DNF Commands (Fedora/RHEL)
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#### dnf
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**Purpose**: Dandified YUM
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**Usage**: `dnf [COMMAND] [OPTIONS...]`
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**Integration**: Used for package installation in overlay
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```bash
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# Update package lists
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dnf check-update
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# Install packages
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dnf install -y package-name
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# Install multiple packages
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dnf install -y strace gdb valgrind
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# Search packages
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dnf search package-name
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# Show package information
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dnf info package-name
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```
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#### yum
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**Purpose**: Yellowdog Updater Modified
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**Usage**: `yum [COMMAND] [OPTIONS...]`
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**Integration**: Alternative to dnf command
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```bash
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# Update package lists
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yum check-update
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# Install packages
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yum install -y package-name
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# Remove packages
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yum remove package-name
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# Clean package cache
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yum clean all
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```
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#### rpm
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**Purpose**: RPM Package Manager
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**Usage**: `rpm [OPTIONS...] [PACKAGE...]`
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**Integration**: Low-level package operations
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```bash
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# Install package
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rpm -i package.rpm
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# List installed packages
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rpm -qa
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# Show package information
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rpm -qi package-name
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# Check package status
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rpm -q package-name
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```
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## System Monitoring Commands
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### 1. Process Monitoring
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#### lsof
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**Purpose**: List open files
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**Usage**: `lsof [OPTIONS...] [FILE...]`
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**Integration**: Used to check processes using /usr
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```bash
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# List processes using /usr
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lsof /usr
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# List processes using specific file
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lsof /usr/bin/package
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# List all open files
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lsof
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# List files for specific process
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lsof -p PID
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```
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#### ps
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**Purpose**: Display running processes
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**Usage**: `ps [OPTIONS...]`
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**Integration**: Used for process monitoring
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```bash
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# Display all processes
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ps aux
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# Display processes using /usr
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ps aux | grep /usr
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# Display process tree
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ps auxf
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```
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#### pgrep
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**Purpose**: Find processes by name
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**Usage**: `pgrep [OPTIONS...] PATTERN`
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**Integration**: Used for process identification
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```bash
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# Find processes by name
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pgrep package-name
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# Find processes with full command line
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pgrep -f package-name
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# Find processes using /usr
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pgrep -f /usr
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```
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### 2. Filesystem Monitoring
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#### df
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**Purpose**: Display filesystem disk space usage
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**Usage**: `df [OPTIONS...] [FILE...]`
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**Integration**: Used for disk space monitoring
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```bash
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# Check disk usage
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df -h
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# Check /usr usage
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df -h /usr
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# Check inode usage
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df -i /usr
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```
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#### du
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**Purpose**: Display directory space usage
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**Usage**: `du [OPTIONS...] [FILE...]`
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**Integration**: Used for directory space analysis
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```bash
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# Check /usr usage
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du -sh /usr
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# Check overlay usage
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du -sh /tmp/upper
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# Check work directory usage
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du -sh /tmp/work
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```
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#### find
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**Purpose**: Search for files
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**Usage**: `find [PATH...] [EXPRESSION...]`
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**Integration**: Used for finding files in overlay
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```bash
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# Find files in /usr
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find /usr -name "package-name"
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# Find recently modified files
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find /usr -mtime -1
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# Find files by size
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find /usr -size +100M
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```
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## System Information Commands
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### 1. System Status
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#### uname
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**Purpose**: Display system information
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**Usage**: `uname [OPTIONS...]`
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**Integration**: Used for system identification
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```bash
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# Display system information
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uname -a
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# Display kernel version
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uname -r
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# Display architecture
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uname -m
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```
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#### hostname
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**Purpose**: Display or set hostname
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**Usage**: `hostname [OPTIONS...] [NAME]`
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**Integration**: Used for system identification
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```bash
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# Display hostname
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hostname
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# Set hostname
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hostname newhostname
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```
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#### whoami
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**Purpose**: Display current user
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**Usage**: `whoami [OPTIONS...]`
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**Integration**: Used for user identification
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```bash
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# Display current user
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whoami
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# Display user ID
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id
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```
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### 2. Hardware Information
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#### lscpu
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**Purpose**: Display CPU information
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**Usage**: `lscpu [OPTIONS...]`
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**Integration**: Used for system resource analysis
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```bash
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# Display CPU information
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lscpu
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# Display in specific format
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lscpu --extended
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```
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#### lsblk
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**Purpose**: List block devices
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**Usage**: `lsblk [OPTIONS...]`
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**Integration**: Used for storage device identification
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```bash
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# List all block devices
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lsblk
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# List with filesystem information
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lsblk -f
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# List specific device
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lsblk /dev/sda
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```
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## Logging and Monitoring Commands
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### 1. System Logs
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#### journalctl
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**Purpose**: Query systemd journal
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**Usage**: `journalctl [OPTIONS...]`
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**Integration**: Used for service and system log analysis
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```bash
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# Check bootc service logs
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journalctl -u bootc-fetch-apply-updates.service
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# Check recent logs
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journalctl -n 100
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# Check logs since boot
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journalctl -b
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# Follow logs in real-time
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journalctl -f
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```
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#### dmesg
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**Purpose**: Display kernel ring buffer
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**Usage**: `dmesg [OPTIONS...]`
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**Integration**: Used for kernel-level troubleshooting
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```bash
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# Display kernel messages
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dmesg
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# Display recent messages
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dmesg -T
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# Display with timestamps
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dmesg -T | tail -50
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```
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### 2. File Monitoring
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#### tail
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**Purpose**: Display last lines of files
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**Usage**: `tail [OPTIONS...] [FILE...]`
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**Integration**: Used for monitoring log files
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```bash
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# Follow log file
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tail -f /var/log/bootc.log
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# Display last lines
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tail -n 100 /var/log/bootc.log
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```
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#### head
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**Purpose**: Display first lines of files
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**Usage**: `head [OPTIONS...] [FILE...]`
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**Integration**: Used for viewing file headers
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```bash
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# Display first lines
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head -n 20 /etc/bootc/config.yaml
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# Display first bytes
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head -c 100 /etc/bootc/config.yaml
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```
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## Network Commands
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### 1. HTTP Clients
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#### curl
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**Purpose**: HTTP client for registry communication
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**Usage**: `curl [OPTIONS...] URL`
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**Integration**: Used for registry API calls and authentication
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```bash
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# Test registry connectivity
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curl -I https://quay.io/v2/
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# Check registry API
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curl -H "Accept: application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.v2+json" \
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https://quay.io/v2/myorg/debian-bootc/manifests/v2.0
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# Authenticate with registry
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curl -u username:password https://quay.io/v2/token
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```
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#### wget
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**Purpose**: Download files from web servers
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**Usage**: `wget [OPTIONS...] URL`
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**Integration**: Alternative to curl for registry communication
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```bash
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# Download registry manifest
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wget -O manifest.json https://quay.io/v2/myorg/debian-bootc/manifests/v2.0
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# Download with authentication
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wget --user=username --password=password https://quay.io/v2/token
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```
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### 2. DNS Resolution
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#### dig
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**Purpose**: DNS lookup tool
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**Usage**: `dig [OPTIONS...] DOMAIN`
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**Integration**: Used for DNS resolution troubleshooting
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```bash
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# Resolve registry domain
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dig quay.io
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# Check specific DNS record
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dig quay.io A
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# Check DNS server
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dig @8.8.8.8 quay.io
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```
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#### nslookup
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**Purpose**: DNS lookup tool
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**Usage**: `nslookup [OPTIONS...] DOMAIN`
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**Integration**: Alternative to dig for DNS troubleshooting
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```bash
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# Resolve registry domain
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nslookup quay.io
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# Check specific DNS record
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nslookup -type=A quay.io
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```
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## File System Commands
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### 1. File Operations
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#### cat
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**Purpose**: Display file contents
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**Usage**: `cat [OPTIONS...] [FILE...]`
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**Integration**: Used for displaying configuration files
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```bash
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# Display file contents
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cat /etc/bootc/config.yaml
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# Display with line numbers
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cat -n /etc/bootc/config.yaml
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# Display non-printing characters
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cat -v /etc/bootc/config.yaml
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```
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#### cp
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**Purpose**: Copy files
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**Usage**: `cp [OPTIONS...] SOURCE DEST`
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**Integration**: Used for backing up configuration files
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```bash
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# Copy file
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cp /etc/bootc/config.yaml /etc/bootc/config.yaml.backup
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# Copy with preserve attributes
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cp -p /etc/bootc/config.yaml /etc/bootc/config.yaml.backup
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# Copy recursively
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cp -r /etc/bootc/ /etc/bootc.backup/
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```
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#### mv
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**Purpose**: Move or rename files
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**Usage**: `mv [OPTIONS...] SOURCE DEST`
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**Integration**: Used for renaming configuration files
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```bash
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# Rename file
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mv /etc/bootc/config.yaml /etc/bootc/config.yaml.old
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# Move file
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mv /etc/bootc/config.yaml /backup/config.yaml
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```
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#### rm
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**Purpose**: Remove files
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**Usage**: `rm [OPTIONS...] FILE...`
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**Integration**: Used for cleaning up temporary files
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```bash
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# Remove file
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rm /etc/bootc/config.yaml
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# Remove with confirmation
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rm -i /etc/bootc/config.yaml
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# Remove recursively
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rm -r /etc/bootc/
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```
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### 2. Directory Operations
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#### mkdir
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**Purpose**: Create directories
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**Usage**: `mkdir [OPTIONS...] DIRECTORY...`
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**Integration**: Used for creating configuration directories
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```bash
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# Create directory
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mkdir -p /etc/bootc
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# Create with specific permissions
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mkdir -m 755 /etc/bootc
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```
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#### ls
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**Purpose**: List directory contents
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**Usage**: `ls [OPTIONS...] [FILE...]`
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**Integration**: Used for listing configuration files
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```bash
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# List files
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ls -la /etc/bootc/
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# List with specific format
|
|
ls -l --time-style=full-iso /etc/bootc/
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Performance Monitoring Commands
|
|
|
|
### 1. System Resources
|
|
|
|
#### top
|
|
**Purpose**: Display running processes
|
|
**Usage**: `top [OPTIONS...]`
|
|
**Integration**: Used for process monitoring
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
# Display processes
|
|
top
|
|
|
|
# Display specific process
|
|
top -p $(pgrep bootc)
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
#### htop
|
|
**Purpose**: Interactive process viewer
|
|
**Usage**: `htop [OPTIONS...]`
|
|
**Integration**: Used for system resource monitoring
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
# Start htop
|
|
htop
|
|
|
|
# Monitor specific process
|
|
htop -p $(pgrep bootc)
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
#### free
|
|
**Purpose**: Display memory usage
|
|
**Usage**: `free [OPTIONS...]`
|
|
**Integration**: Used for memory monitoring
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
# Display memory usage
|
|
free -h
|
|
|
|
# Display in specific format
|
|
free -m
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### 2. I/O Monitoring
|
|
|
|
#### iostat
|
|
**Purpose**: Display I/O statistics
|
|
**Usage**: `iostat [OPTIONS...] [INTERVAL] [COUNT]`
|
|
**Integration**: Used for I/O performance monitoring
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
# Display I/O statistics
|
|
iostat
|
|
|
|
# Display with interval
|
|
iostat 1 5
|
|
|
|
# Display specific devices
|
|
iostat -x /dev/sda
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
#### iotop
|
|
**Purpose**: Display I/O usage by process
|
|
**Usage**: `iotop [OPTIONS...]`
|
|
**Integration**: Used for I/O process monitoring
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
# Display I/O usage
|
|
iotop
|
|
|
|
# Display only processes doing I/O
|
|
iotop -o
|
|
|
|
# Display with batch mode
|
|
iotop -b
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Automation and Scripting Commands
|
|
|
|
### 1. Shell Scripting
|
|
|
|
#### bash
|
|
**Purpose**: Bourne Again Shell
|
|
**Usage**: `bash [OPTIONS...] [FILE]`
|
|
**Integration**: Used for automation scripts
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
#!/bin/bash
|
|
# Check if overlay is active
|
|
if mount | grep -q overlay; then
|
|
echo "Overlay is active"
|
|
else
|
|
echo "Overlay is not active"
|
|
fi
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
#### sh
|
|
**Purpose**: POSIX shell
|
|
**Usage**: `sh [OPTIONS...] [FILE]`
|
|
**Integration**: Used for portable scripts
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
#!/bin/sh
|
|
# Check if /usr is writable
|
|
if touch /usr/test-file 2>/dev/null; then
|
|
echo "/usr is writable"
|
|
rm -f /usr/test-file
|
|
else
|
|
echo "/usr is read-only"
|
|
fi
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### 2. Process Control
|
|
|
|
#### pkill
|
|
**Purpose**: Kill processes by name
|
|
**Usage**: `pkill [OPTIONS...] PATTERN`
|
|
**Integration**: Used for process termination
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
# Kill processes by name
|
|
pkill package-name
|
|
|
|
# Kill with signal
|
|
pkill -9 package-name
|
|
|
|
# Kill with specific user
|
|
pkill -u root package-name
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
#### kill
|
|
**Purpose**: Send signal to process
|
|
**Usage**: `kill [OPTIONS...] PID`
|
|
**Integration**: Used for process control
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
# Send TERM signal
|
|
kill 1234
|
|
|
|
# Send KILL signal
|
|
kill -9 1234
|
|
|
|
# Send HUP signal
|
|
kill -HUP 1234
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Backup and Recovery Commands
|
|
|
|
### 1. Archive Commands
|
|
|
|
#### tar
|
|
**Purpose**: Archive files
|
|
**Usage**: `tar [OPTIONS...] [FILE...]`
|
|
**Integration**: Used for backup creation
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
# Create backup
|
|
tar -czf backup.tar.gz /etc/bootc
|
|
|
|
# Extract backup
|
|
tar -xzf backup.tar.gz
|
|
|
|
# List archive contents
|
|
tar -tzf backup.tar.gz
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
#### rsync
|
|
**Purpose**: Synchronize files
|
|
**Usage**: `rsync [OPTIONS...] SRC DEST`
|
|
**Integration**: Used for backup synchronization
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
# Synchronize files
|
|
rsync -av /etc/bootc/ /backup/bootc/
|
|
|
|
# Synchronize with remote
|
|
rsync -av /etc/bootc/ user@host:/backup/bootc/
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### 2. Version Control
|
|
|
|
#### git
|
|
**Purpose**: Version control system
|
|
**Usage**: `git [COMMAND] [OPTIONS...]`
|
|
**Integration**: Used for configuration version control
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
# Initialize repository
|
|
git init
|
|
|
|
# Add files
|
|
git add /etc/bootc/config.yaml
|
|
|
|
# Commit changes
|
|
git commit -m "Update configuration"
|
|
|
|
# Check status
|
|
git status
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
This comprehensive external commands reference provides all the tools and commands needed to effectively manage, troubleshoot, and integrate with the bootc usr-overlay system.
|